Reciprocating motor



W.,H. BAKER.

,RECIPROCATING MOTOR.

APPLICATION F |LED IAN-11,1916.

l l 955%9. Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

& SHEETS-SHEET I.

W. H. BAKER.

RECLPROCATING MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED JAN. H. 1916.

Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

mm m may F m m 3H u, N@ Q ww a w m m m x w. H. BAKER.

REClPROCATING MOTOR. I

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.H.19|6.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- :JYvucn-Ioz Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

W. H. BAKER.

RECIPROCATING MOTOR.

' APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11. I916.

1 l 95,59. Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- To all whom it may concern WILLIAM H. BAKER, OF MESHOPPEN, PENNSYLVANIA.

nnclrnocn'rme MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 11, 1916. Serial No. 71,503.

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. BAKER,

a citi-zenof the 'United States,'residing at Mesho-ppen, in the county of Wyoming and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Beciprocating Motors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to reciprocatlng motors or engines of the single cylinder type, and is designed especially for operating a saw but may also be used to advantage for driving other tools or devices.

The object of the invention is to simplify and improve the construction of the various parts, particularly the valve structure for alternately directing the motive fluid and exhaust to opposite sides of the piston. It

- is my aim to increase the etiiciency of the motor by placing the valves in the end of the cylinder instead of in the piston, and tomake the valve structure as compact as possible in order that an excessively long cylinder will not be required.

Other objects will appear as the descripticn proceeds.

The invention will be first hereinafter described in connection with the accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this specification, and then more specifically defined in the claims at the end of the description.

in the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference characters are used to desiguate corresponding parts throughout the several views: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a motor or engine constructed substanalso in section with the intake and exhaust ports thereof in conununlcation with the inlet and exhaust pipes, respectively. Fig. 3 is a left hand end view with the saw detached. Fig. 4 is a right hand end view of the motor. Fig. 5 is a detailed plan view of the outer forked end of the guide rod, I

drawn to a larger scale. Fig. 6 is a similar view of the slotted or bifurcated end of the piston rod. Fig. 7 is a broken longitudinal central section of the cylinder, piston and part of the piston rod, showing the piston at the end of-its inward stroke. This section being taken on the line VII VII of Fig. 4 and drawn to a larger scale.

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the piston at the end of its outward stroke. Fig. 9 is a section through the valve case taken on the line IXIX of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a similar view taken 'on the line XX of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a right hand end view of the valve case,

showing the valve in the same position as in Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the valve case taken on the line XIIXII of Fig. 9. Fig. 13 is a right hand end view of the piston, and Fig.14 is a detailed view of the yoke which connects the valves to the valve actuating rod which is carried in the hollow portion of the piston rod.

The cylinder 1 is fitted with a piston 2 carried by a piston rod 3 projecting from the left hand ,end of the cylinder, as illustrated in the drawings. The outer end of the piston rod is bifurcated at 4, Fig. 6, and screws or bolts 5 are provided for attaching theretoa saw 6, Figs. 1 and 2. The upper portion of the wall of the cylinder 1 is preferably thickened, as at 7, and in this thickened portion there is formed a passage 8 in which a guide rod 9 is fitted. The outer end of this guide rod is forked, as at 10, Figs. 2 and 5, and is provided with clamping screws 11 for connection with the frame of the saw as best shown in Fig. 1. \Vhile I have illustrated the motor with a saw attached thereto, it will be understood that other tools or devices may be connected to the piston rod and guide rod and operated by the motor instead of the saw.

The right hand end of the cylinder has inlet and exhaust pipes 12 and 13 opening at diametrically opposite points on an enlarged portion 11 of the bore of the cylinder. The exhaust pipe 13 may be provided with an exhaust opening 15 in one side thereof,-

seat by an end cap 18 screwed into the right hand end of the cylinder. A gasket 18) is placed between the cap 18 and valve case 16 to make an air tight joint. The cap 18 is Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

cup-shaped, providing a chamber 20 between it and the valve case.

The valve case 16 has a transverse inlet port 21 communicating with the inlet pipe 12 and leading to an axially extending valve passage 22 inwhich the inlet valve. 23 1s fitted. This inlet valve has a central enlarged circular portion 24 having a limited movement in a correspondingly enlarged but somewhat wider central portion or groove 25 in the passage 22. The end portions 26 of the valve '23 are of skeleton form, permitting the motive fluid, which may be either steam or compressed air, to travel through the passage 22 to one side or the other of the valve case according to the position of the central enlarged portion 24 of the valve 23. I

The valve case 16 is also provided with a transverse exhaust port 27 communicating withthe exhaust pipe 13 and leading to an axially extending passage 28 in which the exhaust valve 29 is fitted. Said exhaust valve has enlarged circular heads 30 and 31 at (its opposite ends, which, its middle portion 32 being of skeleton-form, permits the exhaust air or steam to pass from one side or the other of the valve case through the port 27 to the exhaust pipe 13, according to the position of the valve 29. It will be understood, of course, that the distance be tween the enlarged heads 30 and 31 is reater than the distance between the seats or said heads at the opposite end of the passage 28 through the valve casein which the valve 29 is fitted. In fact, the valve 29 has the same degree of movement as the i alve 23, so that both may be moved from one extreme posit-ion to the other at the same time. Owing to the difference in the construction of the inlet and exhaust valves, when both are pushed to their extreme right hand position, as illustrated in Fig. 9, the motive fluid will be directed to the left hand side of the valve case, whilethe exhaust valve will admit the exhaust air or steam from the right hand side of the valve case into the exhaust port 27, the left hand end 30 of said exhaust valve closing the left hand end of the passage 28 in this position. On the other hand, when the valves are in their extreme left hand position, as illustrated in Fig. 10, the motive fluid is di- I rected to the ri ht hand side of the valve case, and the le 0 to the exhaust. Single headed arrows 1nd1- cate the course of the motive fluid, and

double headed arrows the course of the exhaust air or steam.

'The bottom portion of the cylinder 1 is thickened at 33 and in said thickened portion there is formed a by-pass 34 leading from the enlarged portion 14 of the bore. of the-cylinder, in which the valve case is fitted, to the other end of the main part of the bore hand side thereof is open pipes 12 and 13 via the axially arranged passages 22 and 28, in which the inlet and exhaust valve 23 and 29 are respectively fitted, and the inlet and exhaust ports 21 and 27, respectively, in the valve case, according to the positions of the valve.

The. valves are automatically shifted at the left hand end of the stroke of the piston 2 by means of a headed rod 37 arranged in a hollow portion 38 of the piston rod 3.

The right hand end of the rod 37 is headed at 39 and carries a yoke 40 connected to headed projections 41 and 42 respectively on the inlet and exhaust valves 23 and'29. The head 43 on the left hand end of the rod 37 is adapted to engage awasher 44 "which partially covers the opening in the hollow portion of the piston rod on the right hand face of the piston 2, when said piston nears the left hand end of its stroke. Said washer 44 is yieldingly held in place by a spring45, interposed between the piston and a cage 46 having pairs of oppo-. sitely extending lugs 47, see Fig. 13, straddling axially extending projections 48 carried by the piston 2. Said projections 48 have cross-pins 49 arranged in the path of the lugs 47, whereby the movement of the cage 46 away from the piston 2 is limited,' while said cage may be moved toward the piston when the spring 45 is compressed. Said spring is preferably coiled in spiral form tovpermit the maximum compression with a short spring. The yoke 40 has a laterally opening'slot 61 at one end to facilitate its engagement with 'the headed projections 41 and 42 on the valves, the other end of said yoke having a longitudinally arranged slot 63, Fig. 14. Any suitable means may be used for preventing the yoke from swinging'out of engagement with the headed projection of the valve which is engaged by the laterally openingslot 61, for instance,

' the screw 60 shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The

cage 46, may be provided with perforations 62, .Flgs. 7, 8 and 13, for reducing the weight of this part, although the cage may .be used Without the perforations if desired.

Presuming the piston to be at the right hand or inner end of its stroke, as illustrated in Fig. 7,'the. valves will be in the positions shown in Fig. 9, and the motive fluid entering through the intake pipe 12 -will pass through the inlet port 21 in the valve case 16,and the left hand end portion of the passage 22into the cylinder behind the piston, thus forcing said piston valve 23 is in the position thus described,

the exhaust valve 29, as shown in Fig. 9,

closes the exhaust port 27 to the interior of the cylinder, and opens communication between said port and the chamber 20,'cavity 36, port and by-pass so that theexhaust may find its way out from in front of the piston by way of the by-pass. When the piston has nearly reached the end of its outward stroke, the head 43 of the rod 37 will come in contact with the washer 44, which constitutes an abutment carried by the piston in the path of the head 43 on the rod 37, and as said piston completes its out ward stroke. said rod 37 will act through the head 39 at its other end, the yoke 40 and the headed projections 41 and 42 on the valves to move said valves-to the position illustrated in Fig. 10. This action of the rod 37 upon the valves will. of course, be cushioned by the spring 45.

As soon as the positions of the valve have been changed asjust explained, and are arranged as shown in Fig. 10. the piston being at the left hand or outer end of its stroke, as shown in Fig. 8. the motive fluid entering through the port 21 in the valve case passes through the right hand end portion of the passage 22 in which the inlet valve 2% is fitted. through the chamber 20. cavity 36. port 35 andby-pass 34 to the left hand end of the cylinder where it acts upon the piston to produce its reverse or inward stroke. \Vhile this is taking place. the exhaust steam or air escapes fromthe right hand side of the piston through the right hand end portion of the passage 28. in which the exhaust valve 29 is fitted. the exhaust port "27 and the exhaust pipe 13; Vhen the piston again nears the right hand or inner end of its stroke. the cage 46 comes in contact with a projectingcollar 50 on the yoke 40 and moves the valves back again to the positions illustrated in Fig. 9. This action upon the valves is also cushioned by the spring 45.

About midway of the length of the cylinder. supporting lugs or handles 51 may be provided. being preferably cast integral with the cylinder.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: 1. The combination. with a cylinder hav mg a by-pass communicating with opposite ends thereof. of a piston. a valve case ar ranged in one end of the cylinder overthe opening of the by-pass at that end. said .valve case having inlet and exhaust ports and a passage communicating with the bypass, a pair of oppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication with the cylinder and by-pass and the exhaust port simultaneously with the by-pass and cylinder, respectively, and

means for. automatically reversing the valves at the end of each stroke of the piston.

2. The combination, with a cylinder having a by-pass, communicating with opposite ends thereof, of a piston, a valve case arranged in oneend of'the cylinder over the opening'of the by-pass at that end, said valve case having inlet and exhaust ports and a passage communicating with the bypass, a pair of oppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication withthe cylinder and 'by-pass and the exhaust port simultaneously with the by-pass and cylinder, respectively, a yoke connecting said valves for simultaneously moving both in the same direction, and means for automatically reversing the valves through a movement of the yoke at the end of each stroke of the piston.

3. The combination, with a cylinder having a bypass communicatingwith opposite ends thereof, of a piston, a valve case arranged in one end of the cylinder over the opening of the by-pass at that end, said valve case having inlet and exhaust ports and a passage communicating with the bypass, a pair of oppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication with the cylinder and bypass, and the exhaust port simultaneously in com-. munication with the by-pass and cylinder, respectively, a yoke connecting said valves for simultaneouslymoving both in the same direction, means for automatically moving the yoke to reverse the valves at the end of each stroke of the piston, and means for cushioning said movements of the yoke.

4. The combination, with a cylinder ha ving a. by-pass communicating with opposite ends thereof, of a piston, a: valve case arranged in one end of the cylinder over the, opening of the by-pass at that end. said valve case having inlet and exhaust ports and a passage communicating with the bypass, a pair of oppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication with the cylinder and by-pass. and the exhaust port simultaneously in communication with the by-pass and cylinder.

respectively, a hollow piston rod, :1 headed rod arranged therein. means of connection between one end of .said rod and the valves. and an abutment carried by the piston and adapted to be engaged by the other end of said headed rod for reversing the valves at the endof the outward stroke of the piston.

munication with the cylinder and by-pass, and the exhaust port simultaneously in communication 'with the bypass and cylinder, respectively, a hollow. piston rod, a headed rod arranged therein, means of connection between one end of said rod andthe valves,

an abutment carried by the piston and 'ends'thereof, of a piston, a valve case arranged in one end of the cylinder over the opening of the by-pass at that end, said valve case having inlet and exhaust ports and a passage communicating with the bypass, a pair of oppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication with the cylinder and by-pass, and

the exhaust port simultaneously in communication with the by-pass and cylinder, respectively, a hollow piston rod, a headed rod arranged therein and connected at one end to the valves, a washer loosely fitted around the headed rod and against the face of the piston, a cage carried by the piston, a spring interposed between the cage and Washer, and means connected to the valves and adapted to be engaged by the cage for reversing the valves at the end of the inward stroke ofthe piston, said headed rod acting in connection with the Washer for again reversing the valves at the end of the outward stroke of the piston, and the spring serving to cushion both movements of the valves.

T 7. The combination, with a cylinder having a by-pass communicating with opposite ends, thereof, of a piston, a valve case arranged in one end of the cylinder over the opening of the by-pass at that end, said valve case having inlet and exhaust ports. and a passage communicating with the by-pass, a pair or eppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication with the cylinder. and bypass, and the exhaust port simultaneously in 8. The combination, with a cylinder having a by-passcommunicating with opposite ends thereof, of a piston, a valve case arranged in one end of the cylinder over the opening of the by-pass at that end, said valvecase having inletand exhaust ports and a passage communicating with the by-- pass, a pair of oppositely acting valves for alternately placing the inlet port in communication with the cylinder and by-pass, and the exhaust port simultaneously in communication with the by-pass and cylinder, re-

spectively, means for simultaneously reversing the valves at each end of the stroke of thepiston, and means for cushioning the reversing means comprising a spirally coiled spring carried by the piston. p

9. The combination, with a cylinder having a by-pass communicating with opposite ends thereof, of a piston, a valve case arranged in one end of the cylinder over the opening of the by-pass. in that end, said valve case having inlet and exhaust ports, valve holding passages communicating respectively with said inlet and exhaust ports, and a passage communicating with the bypass and opening on the side of the valve case away from the interior of the cylinder, the valve holding passage communicating with the inlet port having a groove intermediate of its ends, an inlet valve arranged in said passage and having an enlarged central portion extending into the groove therein and adapted to ,seat at eitherend of said groove, an exhaust valve arranged in the passage communicating with the exhaust port and having heads at its ends to seat at the ends of said passage, and means for reversing said valves at each end of the strokes of the piston.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification.

WILLIAM H. BAKER. 

